Operations with Matrices

Dimension of a Matrix:

R x C    (Rows by Columns)

         A                    B                 C
    | 3 1 2 |         |-2   1 |           |2   3  -2 |
    | 7 5 6 |         |  3 -4 |
                         | -5  3 |
                         |   6  2 |

A:  2 x 3
B:  4 x 2
C:  1 x 3

Scalar Multiplication:

   | 1 2 3 |        | 3   6   9 |
3 | 3 1 5 |   =   | 9   3  15|
   | 2 1 1 |        | 6   3    3|

 2  | 3  4|   =   | 6   8|
     | 5  1|        |10  2|
 

Add or Subtract Matrices:

Add:      | 3  -4 |     +     | -5  4 |  =  | -2   0 |
              | 1    5 |            |  3 -2 |     |  4   3 |

Subtract:  | 3  -4  |    -    | -5  4 |  =  | 8   -8 |
                | 1    5 |         |  3 -2 |      | -2   7 |

Addition & Scalar Multiplication:             4 | 3 -1  2 |  +  2 | -1 4 5 |  -   .5 |4 6 8 |
                                                                  | 2   3 5 |         | -4 8 1|            |5 2 1|

                                                           =    | 12  -4    8 |  +  | -2    8  10 |  -  | 2      3  4 |
                                                                 |   8  12  20|       | -8  16   2  |     | 2.5  1  .5 |

                                                            =   |10    4  18 |  -  | 2      3  4 |
                                                                 |  0  28   22|      | 2.5  1  .5 |

                                                            =   |     8      1     14 |
                                                                 | -2.5   27   21.5 |
 
 
 

Solve Matrix Equalities:

Example 1:

   | 3x - y   |  =  | 1 |
   | 2x + 3y|      | 8 |

    Solve the system:    3x - y = 1
                                 2x + 3y = 8

    Multiply the first equation by 3 and add:    9x - 3y = 3
                                                                 2x + 3y = 8
                                                                  11x       =  11
                                                                             x = 1

    Substitute x = 1 back into the first equation and solve for y:  3(1) - y = 1
                                                                                                   3 - y = 1
                                                                                                      - y = -2
                                                                                                        y = 2

Example 2:

    | 3x + y | = | x + 3 |
    | x - 2y  |     | y - 2  |

     3x + y = x + 3
      x - 2y = y - 2

      2x + y = 3
       x - 3y = -2

      2x +    y = 3
     -2x + 6y = 4
              7y = y
                y = 1

     x - 2(1) = 1 - 2
     x - 2     = -1
               x = 1

So the original matrix is    |  4 |
                                       | -1 |

Word Problem:
The juniors at Adams High School held a two-day bake sale to raise money for a class trip.  Cupcakes, cookies, and pies were sold for $.40, $.25, and $4.00 respectively.  The first day 84 cupcakes, 210 cookies, and 27 pies were sold.  The second day, 95 cupcakes, 184 cookies, and 17 pies were sold.  Find the amount of money raised each day and altogether.

                                         cupcakes   cookes   pies                                                cost
Cookies Matrix:  Day 1    |       84          210      27 |        Cost Matrix:  cupcakes  |   .40 |
                           Day    |       95          184      17 |                             cookies    |   .25 |
                                                                                                             pies          | 4.00 |

Multiply the cookies matrix by the cost matrix:  | 194.10 |
                                                                       | 152.00 |
 


Problems  (there are no problems here yet)